vegetative-Vascular dystonia (VSD) is a common name of a group of symptoms caused by various reasons.
the International classification of diseases (ICD-10) diagnosis of "dystonia" is missing. However, many physicians put patients with this diagnosis, implying the presence of certain signs of illness without pathology of the internal organs.
Symptoms are more common psychogenic. They are caused by the peculiarities of the mental processes that lead to failure of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
Autonomic nervous systemVNS of the person responsible for Autonomous operation of all internal organs. To such organs and systems include:
- the senses (sight, hearing, smell, taste, etc.);
- cardiovascular system;
- the respiratory system;
- gastrointestinal tract (GIT);
- urinary system;
- the glands of internal secretion.
the Autonomic nervous system supports normal functioning of the body. It depends on the level of arterial pressure, heart rate, body temperature and more. Depending on the changes inside the body or the external environment, the autonomic nervous system affects certain organs to maintain physical standards. She also is responsible for the instinctive actions of the organism.
VNS not depends on the person. She works in response to changes in the external or internal environment. Its peripheral centers are located in organs and tissues of the body. And Central located in the brain and spinal cord.
the ANS is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Their task is a physiological reaction of the body: contraction and expansion of blood vessels, acceleration and slowing of the heart rate, etc.
Irritant effect on peripheral portions of the ANS, triggering the mechanism of information transfer in the brain. And from there there is a team on the sympathetic or parasympathetic branch to the appropriate response.
Causes dystonia
Causes of VSD lie in the peculiarities of the development of the nervous system and the impact of society on the human psyche. Traumatic situation, long-term stress and acute injury can cause the development of syndrome vegetodistonii.
the Symptoms can appear alone or on the background of neurotic disorders. Most often VSD is a consequence of the following neuroses:
- somatoform disorder;
- panic disorder;
- phobic anxiety disorder;
- generalized anxiety disorder;
- obsessive-compulsive disorder;
- depressive disorder;
- neurasthenia;
- hypochondria;
- and more.
On the independent development of the VSD can affect the kind of stop some of the process for which was launched the autonomic mechanism. There is a stimulus that acts on peripheral nerve endings. The brain receives the signal and interprets it, for example, as a danger and sends in response to a pulse on the autonomic nervous system.
ANS takes his spot and starts to work through the sympathetic branch on various organs and systems: increases the production of adrenaline, increases the level of cortisol in the blood, pupils dilate and blood vessels, the heart beats faster, breathing becomes shallow, increased sweating. This is a physiological manifestation of fear. The body is ready to assess the situation and start reacting to protect themselves or to escape.
once the danger has passed, and the man defended himself or ran away, the brain sends a new impulse to the VNS, and that starts a feedback mechanism with the branches parasympathetic: constricts blood vessels and pupils, aligns the heart rhythm, normalizes breathing, and the body returns to a normal state.
In cases where this mechanism is interrupted, you may experience certain symptoms. The dilated vessels are not reduced, causing high blood pressure; heart rate slows down, leading to tachycardia and heart pain, etc.
dystonia Symptoms
the Symptoms can be associated with the work of any organ and system. Most often it is:
- race or persistent increase in blood pressure without pathology of heart and vessels;
- fast heartbeat (tachycardia), sensation of paralysis of the heart;
- gastrointestinal disorders (colic, constipation, diarrhea);
- headaches and dizziness;
- low-grade fever of the body;
- increased sweating;
- wheezing, shortness of breath, breathing problems;
- sleep disturbance and insomnia;
- increased anxiety;
- feelings of fear, panic.
Types of dystonia
there are several types of VSD depending on accompanying simptomov:
- gipertoniceski;
- gipotoniceski;
- kardiologicheskii;
- thematically;
- smeshannyi;
- astenichesky.
currently patients rare to find any one type of disorder. Often put Hyper - or hypotonic type of vegetodystonia. But during treatment often, the diagnosis is changed to the mixed type because of the appearance of new symptoms.
dystonia women
VSD in women more common than in men. This is caused by several factors: hormonal and emotional.
Hormonal factors – it is the body's response to changes in the number of hormones. Such symptoms in women characteristic in adolescence, during pregnancy and menopause. During these periods, the body is reconstructed, and the image of a woman's life, her view of themselves, their capabilities remains the same. Changes cause many conflicting emotions, each of which can run autonomic response.
the Emotional factor is that women are more prone to experience than men. Feelings often are replaced as in a kaleidoscope, and did not have time to be deliberate, accepted, experienced, and stored in the General emotional background, making work of the ANS, increasing or decreasing blood pressure, ucasa pulse, slowing down or speeding up peristalsis, or so on.
vegetative-Vascular dystonia in children and adolescents
most Often, the diagnosis of VSD put in childhood and adolescence. This is due to the fact that children are particularly susceptible to emotional distress and often do not know how to handle them. Also, they are often imposed social and cultural constraints in the manifestation of your own feelings and emotions.
It is in childhood and adolescence develops vegetodystonia and often persists in the future in the form of neurotic disorders.
Treatment of dystonia in adults, children and adolescents
In modern medicine is missing the diagnosis of "dystonia". And, therefore, no proven pharmacologic therapy. Doctors can prescribe medicines for short-term relief of some symptoms.
increasingly, physicians, cardiologists and neurologists advise their patients to undergo treatment VSD by a therapist. Professional psychological help helps to get rid of the causes of the disorder.
as the VVD is directly related to the internal processes of man and his social experience, and treatment should be sought in the depths of mental processes. Modern psychotherapy helps to explore all areas of human life and determine in what situations could crash autonomic functions. Awareness of incompleteness and finding new ways of response helps to complete the already started movement and prevent the re-freezing of responses to stimuli.
the child's mind more flexible, she quickly finds safe ways of interacting with the world in a most unexpected way. Including using various deterrent mechanism leading to the development of vegetodystonia.
Medical method for the treatment of VSD in children and adolescents is to relieve symptoms by using medications, massage, exercise therapy and physiotherapy. This can have a positive effect for some time. However, as a rule, the later the symptoms returned.
Psychotherapy helps the child to meet their own desires, needs, emotions, feelings and find a way to Express it so that it was acceptable within the social circle.
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