since the days of Hippocrates, people were divided according to the type of behaviour and behavioural reactions. This type of division was called temperament. According to Hippocrates, the human body has four fluids corresponding to the four elements of nature air (blood), water (lymph), fire (the bile), and earth (black bile). That is, the ratio in the human body of these fluids depends on the type of his behavior and the originality of his reactions.
According to the predominant type of fluids are called types of temperament: sanguine – dominates the blood; phlegmatic – is dominated by the lymph(mucus); hot-headed – is dominated by bile; melancholic – is dominated by black bile.
the Sanguine is characterized by high emotional and mental activity, lively gestures. He responds quickly to surrounding events, very impressionable, agile and easy to tolerate trouble and failure.
Choleric has a high activity, energetic, sharp and rapid in his movements, impulsive, has a vivid emotional experience and impulsive and not restrained.
the Melancholic has low activity, emotionally vulnerable, movements and speech are slow. It is closed and has a tendency to heavy internal experiences without apparent reason.
Phlegmatic slow, steady, calm. Has difficulty switching from one activity to another, constant in mood and feelings.
Temperament only determines the type of human behavior and does not give a description of the views, interests, moral values. Temperament is stable and does not change during life. Formation of temperament depends on heredity, environmental and education. But the influence of upbringing and environment can change only the skills and habits but do not change the temperament. In the process of upbringing in humans can be formed certain habits, skills, and behaviors, which allow you to smooth out existing in the temperament weaknesses.
the Type of child's temperament has a strong influence on the process of its education. the peculiarities of its temperament, since birth, raising him dictate for adults certain behavior towards him. Using the same behaviors adults shape personality traits and stereotypes of his behavior. The temperament of the child determines the behavior of adults and adults affect the child through his temperament, therefore, the influence of environment and education mediated by temperament of the child. Everything is interconnected. The temperament of the child depends on the attitude of the adults, the attitude of adults depends on the development of his personality.
Individual properties of the personality develop as a result of genetic factors, environmental influences and upbringing.
Holders of different types of temperaments in different ways to adapt to the surrounding world. Best suited to living are people with temperament sanguine and phlegmatic. Choleric less adapted to life in virtue of its excitability. The melancholic is characterized by low stamina (health).
Regardless of temperament and personality traits the Foundation of all behavior and mental activities of man are his needs. Man forms his understanding of the rules of existence in society on the basis of need to follow certain norms of behavior. The child learns the norms of behavior, imitating the behavior of adults. So important in education is not something that the adult says to the child, and the fact that he makes himself.
child's Desire to imitate adults leads to the fact that he learns their demonstrated behaviors. If the behavior of the teachers is at odds with the words, it can lead to the formation of cynicism.
Another requirement of the child is the need for training. To meet this need is associated with higher levels of competence. Competence allows a person to be confident, independent and self-sufficient. Low competence forms dependent behaviour, high anxiety, jealousy, etc.
the Basic character traits laid the child in early childhood. This is because in the early stages of development in functional brain development there are critical periods. In critical periods of susceptibility of the brain are so high that all that is imprinted in it, leaves a trace in all human destiny. If in this period, the child faced deprivation, abuse, lack of food or of friends he formed the non-compensable defects leading to disorder of physical and mental health.
Knowledge of the peculiarities of the temperament and needs associated with the formation of the personality avoid conflicts and misunderstandings in communicating with others.
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