In recent years, more and more often in children's medical records found a neurologist delivered the diagnosis of ADHD. Let's see what lies behind this letter and how does the diagnosis.
ADHD stands for attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity.
before diagnosis, parents notice that the child is too mobile, restless, fussy, and often does not respond to his name, does not listen when he say something or read a book, two minutes later throws any beginning, whether it's drawing, modeling or some kind of game. The behavior of such a child is sometimes unbearable: he tirelessly runs around the apartment, making noise, climbing on the cupboards, throwing toys, not fulfilling the requirements of adults, it is difficult to disguise, put to sleep. Even when a child watches cartoons sitting on the ground, he performs many purposeless movements of the hands, feet and whole body.
Hyperactivity manifests itself at an early age – up to 3 years. In the first year of life the child shows signs of motor excitation: the child is constantly spinning, makes a lot of unnecessary movements. Characterized by the increase of excitement in the second half of the day. When hyperactive, the child begins to walk, he differs from his peers on fast and unleash. Often is in constant motion and behaves like it "stuck motor". All this is in the early stages of child development parents often regard as a normal child's liveliness.
as they grow older the child gets high distractibility. He can't focus on a single object. The child picks up one toy, but looking at the other. Attempts to organize it into ordered activity fail.
due to the attention deficit the child has trouble in the classroom as early as kindergarten. Such a child usually can't get the job (application, picture, etc.) to the end, constantly distracted by extraneous stimuli interferes with the other children, interrupting the tutor.
But the greatest difficulties arise at the child when he comes to the first class. Schooling requires discipline. A hyperactive child cannot control their behavior. These children get up from their seat in the class during a lesson, shouting from the scene during the explanation of the teacher. When performing tasks, I can barely hold my attention on the task, can not accurately grasp the instructions make a lot of mistakes. Often unable to perform the task without external control. Due to lack of attention and memory suffers, which is manifested in the reduction of its volume and slow memory.
because of these difficulties of parents of children with ADHD the question arises "What to do? How to communicate with him?".
The first thing to do is clearly to regulate the child's daily routine. For preschoolers eating, care of day and night sleep, a walk, watching cartoons every day at about the same time. But the main thing - the child must clearly know and comply with, of course, under Your direction and control, the sequence of events. For example, in the morning we first wash, then eat Breakfast, then go for a walk, after the walk we have lunch and go to bed after his NAP we oldrichem, then watch cartoons, then we play, bathe, etc. You Set the daily routine must be maintained, otherwise the child will have a feeling of chaos: you can do what I want when I want.
For younger students it is advisable to make a colorful calendar of routine, regulated clearly at the time. For example, at 13.00 come home from school, wash hands, lunch, rest to 14.30, 14.30 to 16.30 do homework, then go for a walk, etc.
As a rule, hyperactive children can do homework without outside control, so in the early stages of a child's learning in school You will have to do the homework with him. Hyperactive children quickly tire and get tired from sitting too long in one position, so every 20 minutes, arrange a short break with a warm-up. However, very flexible warm-up suit is not necessary: the child will quickly get excited and to bring him back for the lessons will be very hard. You can stand in one place pull closed to lock the arms down, up, sideways, to perform a rotation of the first head, then torso, stretch your fingers.
In a conversation with the child give instructions clearly, without superfluous words, because the child with ADHD cannot focus on lengthy explanations and learn from them Your main idea.
With preschoolers it is useful to play simple and interesting games aimed at the development of attention. Here are some examples:
- "Stop." the Child moves freely around the room to music. As soon as the music stops, he must stand still and not to move. Half a minute later the music turned on again.
- "Dwarfs and giants". Adult says "dwarfs" and crouches, says "giants" and gets up, pulling his hands up. The child repeats for adults movement. Then the game becomes more complicated by the emergence of "thread waste": adult periodically says "giants" and squats and Vice versa. The child should not do what it sees and what it hears.
- the"Clap game". Adult transfers of wild and domestic animals, and the child should clap, when they hear the name of a pet.
in adolescence, the hyperactivity in children is greatly reduced or disappears entirely, but the attention disorders can stay for a very long time, which negatively affects school performance, so starting from the preschool age it is advisable to perform exercises to develop attention, gradually complicating them adequately for the age and abilities of the child.
First published:
the Newspaper "Pulse Ivanteevka"
January 20, 2016, No. 3 (3124)
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