the identity Crisis (identity crisis) is critical to the functioning of the individual in a situation, when the implementation of a life plan is extremely difficult or impossible. The situation frustrada life meanings, is defined as critical situation. Identity crisis is a specific psychological experiences of a person in a critical situation. The critical situation associated with inner and outer events in a person's life. Life events qualifying as leading to the crisis, if they pose a potential or actual threat to the satisfaction of the fundamental needs of the individual, and thus put before the individual issue from which he cannot escape and which can not resolve in a short time and in a familiar way.
identity crisis — the experience of a turning point, a turning point, radically influencing the course of later life. He is seen as a dead-end situation that threatens the realization of his life plan. A distinctive feature of such a situation – a strong destructive feelings with which the client is not able to cope on their own.
a Critical situation can be associated with objective changes of a person's identity, due to its growth and development. The crises caused by the logic of personality development, are considered to be age. Such crises are sometimes called normative, emphasizing thereby that they are caused by natural age-related changes of personality and so – inevitable (the crisis of the first year of life, the crisis of adolescence, mid-life crisis).
In contrast to the normative crises, situational crises caused by objective events in a person's life against his will, and changing the usual conditions of its existence. For such situations characterized by internal contradictions between the most important needs of the individual and the impossibility of their satisfaction in life's journey.
the crisis could lead to the preservation of self and life plan, to the rebirth of the individual, updating his inner world and system of values, or the destruction of existing ideas about themselves and their ability to act. If any type of leakage of personal crisis is the emergence and growth of emotional stress, feelings of threat, panic, fear, and other disorders in connection with the disruption of identity.
Main phase of the crisis (stage of vulnerability)
- the Occurrence of a critical situation. raises the event that frustrare critical needs of the individual, impeded her life plan. Frustration leads to a change in the actual state of the subject, the event is perceived as an irreparable loss, threat or challenge.
- Stress (mobilization of adaptive mechanisms). there is emotional tension, the subject attempts to adapt by implementing the old behaviour.
- Problem situation. If these attempts do not lead to the restoration of usual level of adaptation, enhanced the destructive emotional experiences. The most typical are: anger, aggression, anxiety, depressive feelings and sorrow. Strong emotions reduce the effectiveness of thought processes: the person in this state is much more difficult to articulate thoughts and analyze the problems. At this stage, the subject is aware of the problematic situation, the necessity of changing behavior patterns and seeking solutions to the problem.
- the Downfall in the crisis. If attempts to solve the problem do not lead to an acceptable for of the subject result, there is a downfall in the crisis worsens his condition, exacerbated by memories of a traumatic event, a new event of life identifitseerida with the primary event. The situation is perceived as unacceptable, violated motivational sphere of the person: "How, why and for what to live now?" There is a feeling of stalemate. Often at this stage he realizes that he needs psychological help from the outside.
- Active crisis. Further experience active crisis leads to the violation of the physical and psychological health, is constantly experienced anxiety, depression, concentration on the mountain.
- stage of reintegration. the Subject either solves the problem or changes the ratio to a changed life situation, accepting it, integrating new experiences, finding new opportunities. Restores appetite, sleep, rethinking the situation differently interpreted event, develops new patterns of behavior.
If a person is experiencing an identity crisis, unable to cope with it alone, he needs help that can be accorded to him in the form of crisis counseling, crisis psychotherapy and social assistance.
Literature:
- Vasilyuk F. E. Psychology experiences. M.: MSU, 1984.
- Cocinas R. fundamentals of psychological counseling – M.: Academic project, 1999.
- Psychotherapeutic encyclopedia. Ed. by B. D. Karasartova. SPb.: Peter, 1998.
- Romek V. G., Kontorovich V. A., Krukovich E. I. Psychological assistance in crisis situations. SPb.: Speech, 2004.
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