Psychotherapy of meaning" itemprop="image" src='/foto/uploaded/upl_1523276924_268820.jpg'>
Person on 80% consists of water, but if humans have no meaning in life, it's just a vertical puddle.
throughout its existence, man has set himself existential questions, i.e., questions of existence (from the lat. existentia — existence). Why do I live? how did I get here? what is the meaning of life? what is the meaning of death? what is the meaning of suffering? etc. the Person needs to be trying to answer the most important questions. Thus, any psychotherapy is not conceivable without the presentation of the issues.
Logotherapy, is a type of existential psychotherapy, the founder of which is considered to be Viktor Frankl.
V. Frankl is a follower and student of A. Adler, representative of the analytical psychology.
Adler's fundamental concepts was a basic sense of human inferiority, inferiority complex, a complex perfection, striving for superiority (sense of power), social feelings, life goals, life projects, life styles.
V. Frankl used concepts: life goals and life directions, calling their senses, focus on goals, values. In addition, the basic concept of his psychology is the concept of the will to meaning. In his opinion, it is a basic requirement that every person have.
If need will to meaning prostiraetsya, a person experiences value-semantic conflicts and crises. Frankl distinguishes them from the psychodynamic conflicts that arise between instincts and ideals. The semantic values conflicts arise between values.
Frankl watched people in a concentration camp and saw the people that were on the something directed, which was the goal, to survive. Frankl was convinced that the meaning is crucial to survival. Those who wanted to die, was not interested in anything, and expected nothing.
In fact, we expect from life something and life expects something from us, we demand something from life, and life requires of us. Genesis requires us to have carried out what needs to be done, the integrity of which is beyond our limits and guides, beckoning, calling us. Our semantic part of the soul is focused on something that is beyond, in the transcendental education that cannot be found in the current situation and what causes us to move forward.
Watching people in concentration camps, Frankl noticed that people often expect from life, simple things. And these simple things that were unattainable in the conditions of the concentration camps were for people at the confluence of the sense and caused them to live. In a concentration camp for man's idea and meaning, could be just a fresh Cup of milk that he drank before at home. And it's not something that is base.
When the will to meaning are not implemented, there are value-semantic conflicts and a state of existential frustration, that is frustration associated with existence. This frustration occurs when there are impediments to the will to meaning.
Existential frustration can lead to a number of consequences.
- Logoneurosis – the neuroses of the senses.
- Existential vacuum is experienced by man as the feeling of emptiness and meaninglessness. This can cause a lot of derived emotions, for example feelings of powerlessness. The existential vacuum can lead to logoneuroses or can become a kind of lifestyle, ultimately leading to antisocial behavior, alcoholism, drug addiction.
- Conformity, primitive behavior - people are starting to live at lower levels of existence, the inauthentic modes of existence, when a person does not exercise true meanings of life.
let's review the situation of the crisis of meaning:
Semantic crises. Frustration.
In life there are transitions from one conceptual situation to another. A person may experience semantic crises, as the natural state of life. However, they become a frustration if people could not find new meaning.
the Search for meaning.
In a situation semantic crises a person experiences the constructs of search for meaning. In the normal case it is the authentic way of searching washed out.
choice.
the search for meaning occurs problem. In every situation, signed a lot of options for further development. There are thousands of meanings, but only one is true for humans. Quite often, people consider only one alternative, not seeing the entire field of possibilities.
Conscience is the organ of choice. We need to develop a conscience, otherwise it will give false advice. Not every inner voice is true.
Implementation of choice and responsibility.
After choosing, meaning you need to implement. The implementation can show that the choice was incorrect and then there is the problem of responsibility. We are responsible for the selected point.
From the point of view of psychotherapy in this approach it is important to put the person in a situation of finding meaning, making choices, and to understand their responsibility for them.
the Concept of meaning Frankl was widely used by him in the most critical States of the person (serious illness, loss of limbs, etc.).
He expressed three ways of finding meaning:
- act.
- In the experience (love, aesthetic needs).
- If the person can't work or love, suffering (that is suffering to endure and overcome).
Suffering as a source of human growth, posttraumatic growth. Trauma can be a source not only of suffering and destruction, but also a source of courage, growth, special moments. For example, children from dysfunctional families often have more durability, and their desire for growth is strong. When disaster strikes people not necessarily broken, rather, it may contribute to the development of such personal education as existential vitality.
With one hand suffering may give a negative sense: a person can buy the meaning of sacrifice. This sense can be very strong, and then man as the image of life through shame gains power over the environment. Victim evokes two emotions in others: irrational fears and pity.
, suffering can have a positive meaning, in the case where it can be disposed of (the meaning of transformation) to experience the high intensity of the higher values. Aggression, dissatisfaction, anger can be a powerful source of energy for transformation. The colossal energy stored in the pain can be released and focused on creation and implementation of new positive meanings.
today, in addition to the psychology of happiness, developing psychology that teaches people to live in misery. This is the most important task for a person because of his life, one way or another, is faced with trials and suffering, man can not only deal with happy occasions. And that, in these times, the person is most vulnerable, does not know how to help themselves, how to survive suffering. This is most important when raising children, they also need to learn to experience unhappiness and suffering, otherwise they will not be able to survive the frustration in his adult life, will not be able to take a punch.
the discovery of meaning person can help:
- the Interaction with the therapist.
- the Interaction with those people who "believe" in a sense, because people are the soil for each other, and the other person may be for us the very necessary environment from which you can grow our sense.
the General meaning of Logotherapy Frankl: if a person has a sense that he acts easily, but come to acquire this sense is very difficult.
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